Kampala, Uganda – Kampala’s Sex Trade. Beneath the neon lights and busy streets of Kampala lies a hidden world of sex work, where pimps and escorts operate a well-organized underground trade. Visit Uganda writer Aaron Musiime took to the streets and bars and uncovered how the hidden business is run. From high-end clients to street-level deals, insiders reveal how the city’s sex economy functions.
Overview of Kampala’s Sex Trade
Historical Context and Evolution
Kampala’s Sex Trade has evolved from informal street-based exchanges to more structured commercial sex work, influenced by economic pressures, migration, and urbanization. In the early 2000s, sex workers were operating openly in Kampala’s city center especially on Speke road and Kabalagala.
Ahead of major international events, authorities often deployed police to arrest and get them off the streets to maintain the city’s image. This shift led to the emergence of hotspots in areas like Kisenyi, Nakulabye, and parts of Makindye, where sex work became more organized and visible.
Additionally, the influx of foreign sex workers from mainly Rwanda in the mid-2010s, who often charged lower fees, sparked tensions with local sex workers, highlighting the competitive nature of the industry. This competition and rampant police arrests for both sellers and buyers led to a more sophisticated sex trade in bars, massage parlors and hotel – cue the need for pimps.
Current State and Hotspots for Kampala’s sex trade
Kampala’s sex trade is extensive, with numerous hotspots across the city. These include bars, nightclubs, lodges, spas and guesthouses, especially in densely populated areas such as Ntinda, Kansanga, Kawempe, Makindye, and parts of Rubaga. Women in these areas often meet clients in both indoor venues like nightclubs and outdoor locations such as streets. Factors influencing the choice of venue include level of economic constraints, client preferences, the sex rate and safety considerations.
Legal Framework
Prostitution remains illegal in Uganda under the 1950 Penal Code, which criminalizes solicitation and related activities. Despite its illegality, the practice persists, driven by economic necessity and limited employment opportunities. The Prevention of Trafficking in Persons Act, 2009, addresses human trafficking, including for sexual exploitation, but enforcement remains inconsistent. Uganda remains a source, transit, and destination country for human trafficking, with women and children being exploited both domestically and abroad. Government efforts to combat trafficking have led to prosecutions, but challenges in victim identification and support persist.
How Kampala’s Sex Trade Transactions are carried out
We spoke to several sex workers on why and how they go about their trade.
“I started escorting because I had no other way to pay my rent,” says a 24-year-old woman, who asked to remain anonymous. “I would go to Speke road and stand by Standard Charted bank waiting for customers but letter tried other ways of getting customers” she adds. “At first, it was hard and scary, but I got a pimp and my pimp showed me how to use social media to get clients safely. He takes a cut, of course, but he also protects me from trouble.”
Many escorts rely on social media platforms and messaging apps to advertise their services discreetly. “Most of my clients come through Instagram, snapchat or WhatsApp,” says another escort. “I have regulars I trust, but sometimes strangers can be dangerous. That’s when the pimp steps in.”
Pimps admit that they manage multiple escorts, track client requests, and negotiate rates. One 30-year-old man explained, “It’s not chaos like people think. You have to run it like a business and most importantly protect your girls from danger.” How do you do that, we asked. “We screen clients, arrange safe meeting spots, and make sure the girls know the rules.”
Financial Dynamics – Rates for sex workers
The financial landscape of sex work in Kampala is characterized by modest earnings juxtaposed with significant financial pressures. The rates are greatly influenced by how much financial stress one is going through. The more financially distressed the sex worker is, the cheaper their services will be. As a result there are low end sex workers in slums and by the road side at night and cheap low end bars to those in mid range massage parlors to the high end escorts in upscale bars and hotels all charging differently.
Low End Sex Worker with Rates in Kampala
On average, a low end female sex workers (FSWs) earn approximately 300,000UGX ($88.23) per month. A substantial portion of their income is allocated to essential living expenses, with rent and food accounting for almost 75%. Healthcare expenditures are notably low, comprising probably only 5% of their income.
Because of these low earnings, many FSWs experience financial strain, with 74% reporting a negative cash balance, indicating that expenditures often exceed income. This financial instability frequently leads to reliance on high-interest loans from exploitative moneylenders to cover daily expenses, further entrenching them in cycles of debt.
Additionally, some FSWs incur debts to pimps or brothel owners, adding another layer of financial obligation. When these costs are not met they often get sexually exploited by the pimps and sometimes subjected to work for free so the pimp recoups their money.
Aaron spoke to a sex worker we shall call Mariam (not her real names). She said, “ I need people to know what happens here,” she says, her voice low, eyes wary. “I came to Kampala hoping to make a living, but the men who control this trade—pimps—own everything about you. They lend you money for clothes, transport, even phones, and then force you to ‘work off’ that debt, sometimes for weeks without pay, taking every client’s fee. If you refuse, they threaten you. I’ve worked nights exhausted, sick, hungry, just so they can recoup what they say I owe. It’s not a choice—it’s survival, and most people outside think we choose this life, but they don’t see the chains.”
Mariam’s confession is not isolated. Another sex worker talked to us about Kampala’s Sex Trade, “I was brought here from Mbarara by a man who promised me work and a better life in Kampala. At first, it seemed safe—he said he would help me find clients—but soon I realized it was a trap. He lent me money for food, transport and clothes. I thought he was being kind but he later said I had to ‘pay it back.’ At first, that meant seeing clients, but later he forced me to have sex with him too, saying it did not count toward the debt. He controls who I meet, watches my messages, and threatens violence if I refuse. I’ve gone to work hungry and sometimes sick, just so he can get money.”
The Mid Range Massage parlor Sex business with costs
The massage parlor industry in Kampala has increasingly become a covert venue for sex trade, sexual exploitation, often disguised under the guise of legitimate wellness services. While many establishments offer standard therapeutic massages, a disturbing trend has emerged where certain parlors engage in illicit sexual activities, including manual erotic stimulation, oral sex, and even acts of sodomy, sometimes involving the use of vibrators on staff members. These services are typically offered for an additional fee, often without the knowledge of regulatory authorities.
Anne, (not real names) works at a massage parlor near Makindye Militery Barackks and has been doing so for 3 years now. She talked to us about their services and rates “I have worked here since 2023 and most days it’s just normal massages. But sometimes clients ask for more. If they offer extra money, I give them a ‘happy ending.’ It’s not something I ever planned on doing, but they pay us very little so the extra money is too tempting to refuse. A regular massage might earn me just 5,000 shillings, but a client is willing to pay 70,000 or more for sex… that’s hard to turn down when rent, food, and family responsibilities are pressing. The bosses know, of course—they get a cut too.”
The High End Kampala Escorts and how they charge
High-end escorts in Kampala’s sex trade operate within a complex and often concealed sector of the city’s nightlife, offices, malls and hospitality industries. These women typically present themselves as socialites, corporate ladies, sales reps, polished business women. While legal in appearance, many include sexual activities for fees.
Positioning and Client Acquisition
To attract affluent clients, these escorts often frequent upscale venues such as luxury hotels, exclusive nightclubs, and high-end bars. They may also be active on social media platforms, using curated profiles to project an image of sophistication and exclusivity. In some cases, they are introduced to clients through intermediaries or pimps who have established networks within elite social circles.
The attire and grooming of high-end escorts are carefully chosen to convey elegance and allure. They often wear designer clothing, subtle yet luxurious jewelry, and maintain impeccable personal grooming. Their overall presentation is crafted to appeal to the aesthetic preferences of their target clientele, ensuring they stand out in upscale environments.
Pimps or intermediaries play a significant role in the operations of high-end escorts. They act as facilitators, connecting escorts with potential clients, negotiating fees, and sometimes managing the logistics of meetings. These intermediaries often have extensive networks within Kampala’s elite circles, enabling them to secure high-paying engagements for the escorts.
The fees for services rendered by high-end escorts vary based on the nature and duration of the engagement. Basic companionship may command fees ranging from UGX 500,000 to UGX 1,000,000 per night in Uganda but may charge extra if flying out of the country. Additional services, particularly those of fantasy sexual nature, (like group sex, threesomes, anal sex etc) are negotiated separately and can significantly increase the total cost. Payments are typically made in cash, and discretion is paramount to maintain the confidentiality of both parties.
Kavex (not real names) is a music promoter of sorts and this is what he told us. “I can’t use my real name,” he says, “but this is what I do. I tell female musicians I can help their careers—book gigs, introduce them to industry people—but really, I’m connecting them to rich men who want more than just music. At first, they think it’s a professional opportunity. I set up meetings in hotels or private venues, and I negotiate everything—who they meet, what they do, how much the client pays. Sometimes I get a cut from both sides. I tell them it’s optional, that they can say no, but most feel like they can’t refuse if they want the connections, the money, or the chance to advance their music career. I know it’s wrong, but the system works, and everyone—me, the clients, even the musicians—are happy at the end of the day.”
Health and Safety Risks Escorts Face in Kampala
Prevalence of STDs, HIV/AIDS, and Access to Health Services
Female sex workers (FSWs) in Kampala face significant health risks, with HIV prevalence estimated at 37%, markedly higher than the general female population’s rate of 7.6%. Additionally, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia are prevalent, with reported rates of 6.2%, 13%, and 9%, respectively. Despite these challenges, many FSWs utilize clinic services, with 81% reporting recent use, often for HIV and STI care.
Hilda is a “slay Queen” who frequents Kololo bars with elegancy and beauty that every man admires. Through her pimp Johnie, we were able to get her talking to us. “I’m just a girl having fun but yeah you can call me an escort. I have been doing this for a few years and it pays my bill so I really don’t care if anyone finds out and judges me. I sleep in my own house now so I cant say it doesn’t pay if you know what to do. But of course it has its own challenges.
When asked what challenges she answered “I found out I’m HIV positive a few years ago. Honestly… I don’t care because I take my meds (ARVs). I try to insist on using condoms but some men will even pay more to go live and I cant be held responsible when I advised you to use protection. I didn’t get it from a tree—some man out there did this to me so you are responsible for your actions too. I know people will judge me, call me heartless, dangerous, but the truth is, this disease is part of my reality now, and I can’t stop earning just because some man did this to me.”
Stories of Violence, Abuse, or Exploitation in Kampala’s sex trade
FSWs in Kampala frequently experience violence and abuse. Studies show that 82% of FSWs report client-perpetrated violence, including physical assault and sexual violence. Additionally, police abuse is prevalent, encompassing physical assault, sexual assault, arbitrary arrest, and extortion. These abuses contribute to a climate of fear and impunity, hindering efforts to address health and safety concerns within the industry.
Aisha is active in Kampala’s sex trade and operates around Tourist Hotel near Nakasero Market and narrated a story of how one day she ended up in hospital for days after an assault. “I was working with a client in Kansanga, and he wanted things I couldn’t accept—he wanted me to have anal sex. I said no. He became violent, pushing and hitting me, and when I refused, he threw me out of the house in the middle of the night. It was raining heavily, and I had nowhere to go. I ran through the street, soaked and terrified, not knowing if I would be safe. That night, I realized how dangerous this work can be—how quickly a refusal can turn into abuse, humiliation, and life-threatening situations. I was admitted for days and even thought about stopping then I remembered I had a child to educate and here I am cold in the night selling p*ssy.”
NGOs and Government Initiatives Addressing Health and Safety
Several organizations are working to improve the health and safety of FSWs in Uganda. AWAC Uganda, a network of FSW-led groups, advocates for the rights and health of sex workers, focusing on reducing stigma and discrimination. WONETHA provides health outreach and support, aiming to reduce stigma in health facilities and promote safer working conditions. Additionally, the Elton John AIDS Foundation collaborates with local partners to address HIV-related stigma and mental health issues among FSWs.
These initiatives are crucial in supporting FSWs’ health and safety, advocating for their rights, and working towards systemic changes to reduce violence and improve access to healthcare services.
Kampala’s Sex Trade and Tourists in Uganda
Uganda’s tourism sector, known for safaris, gorilla trekking, and cultural attractions, also intersects with a hidden sex trade that targets both local and foreign visitors. In cities like Kampala, Entebbe, and along tourist corridors, some establishments—including bars, hotels, nightclubs, and certain “massage parlors”—market sexual services discreetly to tourists. While the majority of tourism remains family-friendly, there exists a parallel economy catering to foreign men seeking sexual encounters, often facilitated by intermediaries, hotel staff, or local guides.
How the Trade Operates
Sex workers who engage with tourists often use social media, dating apps, and word-of-mouth networks to attract clients. Some are approached directly at hotels, bars, or entertainment venues, while others are recruited by pimps or managers who guarantee access to international clients. Pricing varies widely depending on the perceived wealth of the tourist, the type of service requested, and the location of the meeting. High-end clients can command services costing hundreds of U.S. dollars per encounter, while lower-budget interactions are priced in local currency.
Risk Factors For Tourist-focused sex Trade
Kampala’s sex trade also has Tourist-focused sex work which carries heightened risks. Language barriers, unfamiliarity with local laws, and the transient nature of tourist clients can increase the potential for exploitation, unsafe sexual practices, and lack of recourse in cases of abuse or theft. Many sex workers report pressure to accept clients regardless of personal safety or consent due to the financial incentives offered by tourists. Additionally, HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections remain significant health concerns, particularly when condom use is inconsistent.
Legal and Safety Context
Prostitution is illegal in Uganda, and sex workers who engage with tourists operate under the constant threat of police harassment, arrest, and extortion. The involvement of tourists complicates enforcement and public health interventions, as many transactions occur in private hotel rooms or discreet venues, making oversight difficult. Generally sex tourism should be discouraged with the strongest terms possible.
Parting Shots About Kampala’s Sex Trade
Kampala’s Sex Trade is a multifaceted and deeply entrenched part of the city’s informal economy, shaped by historical shifts, economic pressures, and social dynamics. While it provides a critical source of income for many women, it also exposes them to significant risks, including exploitation, debt cycles, health hazards, and legal vulnerability. The interplay of financial pressures, reliance on digital platforms, and competition highlights the complex economics underpinning the industry.
Addressing the challenges of Kampala’s sex trade requires more than enforcement of laws. Holistic interventions—ranging from accessible healthcare, debt relief programs, and safe working conditions to public education and empowerment initiatives—are essential to mitigate the risks faced by sex workers. Similarly, improving social protections and economic opportunities can reduce the reliance on sex work as a last-resort livelihood.
Ultimately, understanding Kampala’s sex trade through a lens of economics, law, and social context is crucial for policymakers, civil society, and the public. Only by addressing both the structural drivers and the immediate vulnerabilities can meaningful change be achieved, ensuring the dignity, safety, and rights of those involved in the trade.
We hope this rather long investigative article on Kampala’s sex trade has been useful. If you have had an encounter with a sex worker or you are an escort in Kampala we would be glad to hear some feedback from you in the comment section.
